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How to become a commercial HVAC technician

What is an HVAC Technician?

A commercial HVAC technician, short for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning technician, is responsible for installing, maintaining, and repairing systems that control the temperature, air quality, and humidity levels in buildings. These systems include furnaces, air conditioners, heat pumps, ventilation ducts, and refrigeration units.

Commercial HVAC technicians have a range of job responsibilities, including:

  • Installing new HVAC systems in offices, schools, hospitals, and other facilities
  • Inspecting and testing existing systems to identify issues or malfunctions
  • Repairing or replacing worn or faulty components, such as compressors, motors, or thermostats
  • Performing routine maintenance tasks, including cleaning air ducts, changing filters, and calibrating thermostats
  • Ensuring that HVAC systems comply with local, state, and federal regulations and building codes

Commercial HVAC technicians work in a range of environments, including commercial buildings, industrial facilities, and construction sites. They may work indoors or outdoors, depending on job requirements. The work can be physically demanding, as it often involves lifting heavy equipment, working in tight spaces, and being exposed to extreme temperatures.

Education and training requirements

To become a commercial HVAC technician, you typically need to complete a formal training program, such as an associate degree or certificate program from a trade school, technical college, or community college. These programs provide a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on training, covering topics such as refrigeration systems, electrical theory, heating and cooling systems, and HVAC equipment installation and repair.

Many commercial HVAC technicians begin their careers by enrolling in a trade school or technical college program that lasts between six months to two years, depending on the level of education pursued. These programs offer a comprehensive curriculum that covers the fundamentals of HVAC systems, safety protocols, and practical skills required for the job.

Apprenticeship programs are another path to becoming a commercial HVAC technician. These programs typically last between three to five years and involve a combination of on-the-job training under the supervision of experienced technicians and classroom instruction. Apprentices learn by working alongside skilled professionals, gaining hands-on experience in installing, maintaining, and repairing various HVAC systems.

In addition to formal education and training, HVAC technicians are often required to obtain certifications to demonstrate their proficiency and knowledge. Common certifications include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Section 608 Certification for handling refrigerants, as well as certifications from organizations such as the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) or the Refrigeration Service Engineers Society (RSES).

Continuous education and training are also important for commercial HVAC technicians. Many employers provide ongoing training or require technicians to attend seminars or workshops to maintain their skills and knowledge.

Skills and Qualities Needed

To become a successful commercial HVAC technician, you'll need a combination of technical skills, problem-solving abilities, customer service aptitude, and physical stamina.

Technical skills

  • Proficiency in reading and interpreting blueprints, diagrams, and technical manuals
  • Understanding of electrical systems, refrigeration cycles, and HVAC system components
  • Ability to troubleshoot, diagnose, and repair HVAC equipment
  • Knowledge of safety protocols and procedures
  • Familiarity with HVAC control systems and energy management

Problem-solving skills

  • Analytical and critical thinking abilities to identify and resolve complex issues
  • Attention to detail and observation skills to detect and diagnose problems
  • Logical reasoning and decision-making skills to determine the best course of action

Customer service skills

  • Excellent communication and interpersonal skills to interact with clients and colleagues
  • Ability to explain technical information in a clear and understandable manner
  • Patience and professionalism when dealing with customer concerns or complaints

Physical stamina

  • Good hand-eye coordination and manual dexterity for handling tools and equipment
  • Strength and endurance to work in confined spaces, climb ladders, and lift heavy equipment
  • Ability to work in various environments, including extreme temperatures, heights, and tight spaces
  • Commitment to following safety protocols and using personal protective equipment

Possessing these skills and qualities will not only help you excel in an HVAC career but also ensure that you provide high-quality service and maintain a safe working environment.

Job outlook and career prospects for HVAC technicians

The job outlook for HVAC technicians is promising, with steady growth projected in the coming years. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment of HVAC technicians is expected to grow by 5% from 2021 to 2031, which is about as fast as the average for all occupations.

Primary drivers of this growth are population increases and the need for new construction, which create greater demand for commercial climate control systems and for talent who can install, repair, and maintain them.

Additionally, the push towards energy efficiency and sustainability has created a demand for technicians who can work with modern, eco-friendly HVAC systems. Many older systems are being replaced with newer, more efficient models, creating job opportunities for technicians with specialized training in these technologies.

Within the field, experienced HVAC technicians can progress to supervisory or management roles, overseeing teams of technicians or managing entire HVAC service companies. Some technicians may also choose to specialize in areas such as refrigeration, solar heating, or commercial building automation systems that can lead to higher-paying positions.

Furthermore, as HVAC technicians retire, there will be a growing need for skilled talent, which will provide opportunities for people entering the field.

Steps to become an HVAC technician

To become an HVAC technician, you'll need to:

  1. Earn a high school diploma or an equivalent credential. Most HVAC training programs require a high school diploma or GED as a minimum educational requirement.
  2. Complete HVAC training. You can pursue HVAC training through technical school, community college, trade school, or an apprenticeship program. Training typically lasts between six months to two years and covers topics such as refrigeration systems, electrical theory, heating and cooling systems, and HVAC installation and repair.
  3. Gain hands-on experience. Many HVAC training programs include an internship or apprenticeship component that allows you to work under the supervision of experienced HVAC professionals. This experience is crucial for developing practical skills and gaining industry exposure.
  4. Obtain EPA certification. The EPA requires HVAC technicians who work with refrigerants to pass a written exam to become certified. This certification demonstrates your knowledge of proper refrigerant handling and environmental regulations.
  5. Consider professional certifications. While not always required, obtaining professional certifications from organizations such as HVAC Excellence, North American Technician Excellence, or Refrigeration Service Engineers Society can enhance your credibility and job prospects.
  6. Obtain state licensing if required. Some states require HVAC technicians to hold a license to work legally. Licensing requirements vary by state but typically involve passing an exam and meeting experience or education criteria.
  7. Seek entry-level employment. With training, certifications, and a license, you can begin applying for entry-level HVAC technician positions. These positions may require you to work under the supervision of experienced technicians or join a company apprenticeship program.
  8. Learn and develop skills. Successful HVAC technicians continuously update their knowledge and skills through ongoing training, professional development courses, and staying current with industry trends and best practices.

Finding HVAC training programs

Finding a program that works for you can depend on your schedule flexibility, finances, and time frame for completing your training.

Accredited trade schools and technical colleges typically combine classroom instruction with hands-on training in labs to teach students the fundamentals of HVAC systems, refrigeration, electrical systems, and other essential skills.

Community colleges may offer associate degree programs in HVAC technology or a related field. These programs usually take two years to complete and provide a more comprehensive education that includes general education courses in addition to HVAC-specific training.

Union apprenticeship programs also can be an excellent way to receive paid on-the-job training while taking technical courses. Apprenticeships with unions such as the Air Conditioning Contractors of America or the Sheet Metal Workers' International Association typically last three to five years. Apprentices work under the supervision of experienced HVAC technicians and attend technical classes on theory, equipment, and trade skills.

When evaluating HVAC training programs, consider factors such as accreditation, hands-on training opportunities, job placement rates, and connections to local employers in the industry. Many quality programs assist graduates with finding entry-level HVAC technician jobs.

More about on-the-job training and apprenticeships

Hands-on training and apprenticeships are crucial for aspiring HVAC technicians to gain practical experience and develop necessary skills. Finding an apprenticeship program is often the best way to receive comprehensive on-the-job training.

Apprenticeships typically last between three and five years, combining paid work experience with classroom instruction. During this time, apprentices work under the guidance of experienced HVAC technicians to troubleshoot issues, use specialized tools and equipment, and adhere to safety protocols.

There are two primary paths for HVAC apprenticeships: union and non-union programs. Union apprenticeships are typically sponsored by labor organizations and offer structured training, competitive wages, and the opportunity to join the union on completion.

Non-union apprenticeships, however, are offered by individual HVAC contractors or training facilities. These programs may have more flexible entry requirements and schedules but may also provide less training or lower wages during the apprenticeship period.

Licensing and certification requirements

To work as an HVAC technician, you'll need to obtain the necessary licenses and certifications required in your state or local area. Specific requirements can vary, but all states mandate that HVAC technicians hold a valid EPA Section 608 Certification for handling refrigerants.

EPA Section 608 Certification

There are four types of EPA 608 certifications:

  1. Type I: For servicing small appliances such as vending machines and domestic refrigerators.
  2. Type II: For servicing high-pressure refrigeration equipment such as air conditioning units and heat pumps.
  3. Type III: For servicing low-pressure refrigeration equipment such as refrigerators and freezers.
  4. Universal: For servicing all types of equipment containing refrigerants.

Most HVAC technicians will need to earn the Type II or Universal certification, depending on the specific equipment they'll be working with.

State licensing

In addition to EPA certification, 40 states plus the District of Colombia and Puerto Rico require HVAC technicians to hold a state-issued license. The licensing requirements can vary but generally involve passing an exam that covers your knowledge of HVAC systems, safety practices, and local building codes.

Some states may also require you to complete on-the-job training or an apprenticeship program before you can obtain your license.

Specialized certifications

As an HVAC technician, you also may choose to pursue specialized certifications to enhance your skills and knowledge in specific areas. These certifications can help you stand out in the job market and potentially increase your earning potential.

Some examples of specialized certifications include:

  • North American Technician Excellence Certification
  • HVAC Excellence Certifications
  • Refrigerant Handling Certification
  • Energy Auditor Certification
  • Building Performance Institute (BPI) Certifications

These certifications typically require passing an exam and may have prerequisites tied to experience or training.

Salary and income potential

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for HVAC technicians in 2021 was $48,630. However, earnings can vary significantly depending on factors such as location, industry, and level of expertise.

Average earnings for HVAC technicians can range from around $35,000 for entry-level positions to over $70,000 for experienced technicians working in high-paying industries or regions. Some of the factors that can influence an HVAC technician's income include:

  • Geographic location. HVAC technicians in major metropolitan areas and cities with a higher cost of living tend to earn higher salaries.
  • Industry. HVAC technicians working in the commercial and industrial sectors often earn more than those in residential settings.
  • Certifications and specializations. Technicians with advanced certifications or specialized skills in areas such as refrigeration, solar technology, or energy management can earn more.
  • Experience. As HVAC technicians gain more years of experience, their earnings typically increase.

Some of the highest-paying cities for HVAC technicians in the United States include San Francisco, New York, Boston, and Chicago. Additionally, industries such as manufacturing, construction, and energy production tend to offer higher salaries for skilled HVAC technicians.

Advancement opportunities

One common path for career advancement is to move into a supervisory or management role. This typically involves overseeing a team of technicians, coordinating projects, and taking on responsibilities such as scheduling, training, and quality control.

Another option is to start your own HVAC business. This route requires strong business acumen, marketing skills, and the ability to manage finances and workers effectively.

For those with a passion for teaching, becoming an HVAC instructor at a trade school or community college can be rewarding. Instructors train the next generation of technicians, sharing their knowledge and practical experience with students.

Specialization is also a path for advancement. HVAC technicians can choose to focus on commercial or industrial systems, energy management, or refrigeration, as examples. By gaining specialized certifications and expertise, technicians can command higher salaries and take on more complex projects.

Professional organizations and resources

Professional organizations and continuing education resources can be invaluable for HVAC technicians who want to advance in their careers, stay current on industry trends, and connect with other professionals in the field.

Trade associations such as the Air Conditioning Contractors of America, the Refrigeration Service Engineers Society, and the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association offer professional development opportunities, industry certifications, technical training, and networking events.

Online training and continuing education

With the availability of online learning, HVAC technicians have access to virtual training and continuing education courses. Many manufacturers, trade schools, and community colleges offer online programs and self-paced courses covering aspects of HVAC systems, installation, repair, and maintenance.

Additionally, online forums, webinars, and industry publications can be excellent sources of information for staying current on new technologies, regulations, and best practices in the field. 

Manufacturer training programs

These programs can range from hands-on workshops to online courses and can provide valuable instruction on installation, troubleshooting, and maintenance for the manufacturer's equipment.

By taking advantage of these professional organizations and resources, HVAC technicians can enhance their skills, knowledge, and credibility, which can lead to new job opportunities and career advancement.

In summary

By dedicating time to continuing education and professional development, you'll elevate your skills, employability, and earnings potential as an HVAC technician. High demand and opportunities for career growth make it an option worth pursuing.

 

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